Compressor, motor, expander, and pump



Dec. 21 1926.

w. J. HAWKINS COMPRESSOR, MOTOR, EXPANDER AND PUMP 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 16, 1921 IN ll W. J. HAWKINS COMPRESSOR, MOTOR, EXPANDER AND PUMP Dec. 21 1926.

Filed Sept. 16, 192] 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Dec. 21, 1926.

UNITED STATES .PATENT OFFICE.

COMPRESSOR, MOTOR, EXPANDER, AND PUMP.

Application filed September 16, 1821.

My invention relates to fluid compressors, motors, expanders and pumps and particularly to devices of this class of a rotary type in which the cylinders and pistons have rotary motion with respect to the fixed casing and in which the istons themselves have a reciprocating motion with respect to their respective cylinders.

An object of this invention is to provide a machine of the class described which shall be compact and sturdy, of a high degree of efficiency, and capable of quantity mannfacture.

vide a machine of the class described in which any number of eccentrics may be used, as required, and in which the number of pistons attached to any one eccentric may be one, two or any number desired.

A further object of this invention is to provide a machine of the class described which may be operated as a compressor, a motor, an expander or a pump without material change in construction but by proper location and length of parts, direction of rotation and gear ratio between the eccentric shaft and the cylinder member.

Further objects relate to simplicity of construction, ease of replacement and repair, freedom from undue friction and binding. strength of parts, and ease of assembling.

With the foregoing and other objects in view which will become apparent as the description proceeds, my invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction described in the specification and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that I do not limit myself to the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed and changes can be made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of the invention. I intend no limitations other than those imposed by the claims. I

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevational section through the center of a pump or compressor embodying my invention, on the line 11 of Fig. 4.

Figs. 2 and 3 are details of the piston construction.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of. the device of Fig. 1 with a portion of the casing torn away to disclose the driving gears.

Another object of this invention is to pro- Serial No. 501,074.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section on the line 55 of Fig. 1.

Similar reference numerals relate to similar parts throughout the several views. A cylindrical casing has two end bearlngrplates 8, 9 fastened thereto by screws 6, 6 and 7, 7 and in which journals 5, 5 are positioned for a shaft 1 broken at the drivmg motor end.

Formed in the casing 10 are passages 4, 4, leading respectively from exhaust ports 4 ggand 4", 4", to exhaust outlet connections Similarly formed in the casing 10 and staggered from passages 4, 4, are similar intake passages from intake ports 2, 2*, and 2", 2", leading respectively from intake connections 2, 2 (Fig. 4).

Keyed to the shaft 1 are a plurality of eccentric dlscs 20 20, running in eccentric straps 19, 19, in the usual manner.. Each eccentrlc strap 19 is pivoted as at 18 (Fig. 2) to a double ended piston or plunger 17 which is slotted as at 16 to permit the shaft 1 to pass through the reciprocating plunger. A longitudinal slot permits the eccentric disc 20 and the strap 19 to swing freely horizontally, as shown, through the plunger 17 The pistons 17, 17 reciprocate in coacting cylinders 14, 14 formed in the walls of a revolving hollow cylindrical member 13 which is itself supported by a bearing, preferably as by a ball bearing raceway 12, one member of which 12' is fastened to the bottom bearing plate 9. A series of piston rings 11, 11, are arranged on the peripheryof the member 13 to contact with the side walls of the casing member 10 and thus prevent leakage between the adjacent tiers of cylinders and ports.

At one end of the revolving hollow member 13 is attached an annular ring gear 30 having internal teeth meshing with the teeth of a gear 21 rotatably mounted on a stud carried by the end plate 8. A similar gear 23 mounted in a similar way on a stud 24 (Fig. 4) is in mesh with gear 21 and with a driving gear 25 attached to the shaft 1 as by a pin 26.

By this construction, rotation of the shaft 1 causes rotation of the gear 25 and through the gears 23 and 21 causes a rotation of the annular gear and thus a rotation of the cylinder carrying member 13, the latter rotating in the samedirection as the rotation of shaft 1. i

It will be understood that any gear ratio desired may be substituted for that shown in this embodiment of my invention and that the relative speeds of the cylindrical member 13 and the shaft 1 may be as desired, to give any required number of piston reciprocations during a complete revolution of the cylinder member 13.

In the device as illustrated, four double acting plungcrs 17, 17 are shown but it is apparent that any desired number may be used.

'When the end of plungers 17, 17 t'avels to the outer end of the stroke compression takes place and exhaust may occur at any time during that portion of the stroke. With the end of the plungers 1T, 1T travelling towards the inner end of the stroke suction takes pla1e and the intake may open at any period of this stroke.

ith the construction as shown in Fig. 5 the right hand end of the plunger 17 is at the end of its exhaust stroke and the plunger moves inwardly, the shaft 1 revolving counter-cloclnvise.- lVhen the cylinder 14 reaches the beginning of the intake passage 2", the plunger has partially drawn in and during the period of travel in connection with the intake passage 2" is still further drawn in on the suction stroke. When the cut off takes place at the end of exhaust passage 2", the piston 17 is at the inner end of its suction stroke and immediately moves outward, compressing the fluid in the cylinder 14 until connection is made with the exhaust passage whereupon exhaust takes place during the remainder of the outward travel of the piston.

lVitlr this location of ports and the required gear ratio, therefore, there is a complete cycle of events in each cylinder during a single revolution of the cylinder member 13.

A similar cycle of events takes place at each end of each plunger in each of the tiers shown in Fig. 1. It is understood, therefore, that for a single rotation of the cylinder member 13, eight complete cycles will occur giving substantially the equivalent of sixteen strokes of any one piston.

By this simple, compact and self-contained arrangement, it is possible to drive the shaft 1 at very high speeds without imparting an excessive linear speed to the pistons. Consequently the device may be driven for example, by a comparatively small, high speed electric motor.

What I claim is:

1. In a device of the class described, a casing, a cylindrical member rotatably mounted therein, a shaft rotatably mounted in said casing, operative driving connections to drive said cylindrical member from said shaft, and aplurality of pistons slidably mounted on said shaft adapted to reciprocate radially of said cylindrical member, and separate operative connections for driving said pistons from said shaft.

:2. In a device of the class described, a casing. a cylindrical member rotatably mounted therein, a shaft rotatably mounted in the casing. operative driving connections between the. shaft and cylindrical member, a piston slidably mounted on said shaft and arranged to reciprm-ate in said cylindrical member, an eccentric strap pivoted on said piston, and an eccentric dis' attaclurd to said shaft and adapted to court with said strap to reciprocate said ])i tml.

23. in a device of the character described. :1 casing, a hollow, cylindrical member rotatably mounted in said casing, a cylinder formed in said cylindrical member having its axis at right angles to the axis of said member, a drive shaft rotatably mounted in said -asing and a piston slidably mounted on said shaft adapted and arranged to reciprocate in said cylinder, operative driving connections between said shaft and said piston, and separate operative driving connections be.- tween the shaft and said cylinder.

1. In a device of the class described, a casing, a cylindrical member rotatably mounted in said casing, a cylindrical passage in said member and extending radially therethrough forming an open-ended cylinder and a piston adapted and arranged to reciprocate in said cylindrical passage and separate driving connections between said shaft and said cylinder member.

5. In a device of the class described, a casing, a shaft rotatably mounted in said casing, a hollow cylindrical member rotatably mounted in said casing, a cylinder formed in said member and having its axis disposed radially thereof, a piston adapted and arranged to reciprocate in said cylinder, means whereby said shaft extends transversely through said piston and means on said shaft adapted to reciprocate said piston and other means coat-ting with said shaft adapted to rotate said hollow cylindrical member.

(5. In a device of the class described, a casing, a member rotatably mounted therein, a shaft rotatably mounted in said casing, means to drive said member from said shaft, a piston adapted to reciprocate radially of said member and a driving connection between the shaft and the piston, said last named driving connection being separate and distinct from the driving connection between the rotatable member and the shaft.

7. In a device of the class described, a casing, a member rotatably mounted therein, a shaft rotatably mounted in said casing, gearing arranged to drive said member from said shaft at a different rate of speed,

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a piston adapted to reciprocate radially of said member, the axis of the piston being disposed substantially at right angles to the axis of rotation of said rotatable member, and a driving connection between the shaft and the piston.

8. In a device of the class described, acasing, a member rotatably mounted therein, a shaft rotatably mounted in the casing and extending into said member, said member being constructed to form a chamber transverse to the shaft, a driving connection from said shaft to said rotatable member, a reciprocatory plunger in the chamber and extending to opposite sides of the shaft, an eccentric disc on the shaft, and a connection between the disc and the plunger.

9. In a device of the class described, a casing, a member rotatably mounted therein, a shaft rotatably mounted in the casing and extending into said member, said member being constructed to form a chamber transverse to the shaft, a driving connection from said shaft to said rotatable member, a reciprocatory plunger in the chamber and extending to opposite sides of the shaft, an eccentr1c disc on the shaft, and an eccentric strap connected between the disc and the plunger, said plunger being provided with a slot to clear said eccentric and strap.

10. In a device of the class described, a casing, a member rotatably mounted therein, a shaft rotatably mounted in the casing and extending into said member, said member being constructed to form a chamber transverse to the shaft, a driving connection from said shaft to said rotatable member, a reciprocatory plunger in the chamber and extending to opposite sides of the shaft, an eccentric disc on the shaft, andan eccentric strap connected between the disc and the plunger, said plunger being provided with a slot to clear said eccentric and strap, and with another slot transverse to the first, to clear the shaft.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of Se tember, 1921.

lVILFOR-D J. AWKINS. 

